(supposedly the doctor-word is veisalgia, from the Norse kvies and Greek algia)

The word “hangover” in various languages

German Katzenjammer(cat-yowlings or Kater: tomcats)
Dutch kater (tomcat)
Danish tømmermænd (timber-mouth)
Swedish bakrus (bakfylla?)
Norwegian kvies
French gueule de bois (wood-mouth)
Italian malessere (uneasiness, malaise)
Russian пережиток (похмелье) (holdover, relic)
Polish kac
Czech kocovina
Slovenian
Croatian mamurluk
Spanish resaca (backwash)
(Bolivia) chaqui
(Ecuador) chucaqui
(Colombia) guayabo
(Central America) Goma
(Venezuela) ratón (or “estar enratonado“)
(Mexico) Cruda
(Dominican Republic) Suape
Portuguese ressaca
Greek
Latin crapula
Romainian mahmureală
Latvian
Lithuanian
Scottish
Irish póit
Albanian gjellë e mbetur
Farsi باقي مانده
Cherokee
Indonesian
Hawawiian
Sanscrit
Hindi
Hebrew חמרמורת
Arabic
Hungarian másnaposság
Finnish Krapula
Turkish kalıntı (carcass, ruins)
Korean
Chinese 宿醉 sù (night lodging, former) + zuì (drunkenness)